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視頻課題:NSEFC小說欣賞入門 Unit 1 The Open Window閱讀課-浙江金華第一中學
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NSEFC 小說欣賞入門 Unit 1 The Open Window閱讀課 教學設計 一.教學分析 1.教學內容分析
文本選自NSEFC小說欣賞入門 Unit 1 The Open Window。該小說改編自與歐亨利齊名的英國著名短篇小說大師薩基的《敞開的窗戶》一文。薩基擅長在小說中鋪設伏筆,制造懸念,給小說以出其不意的結尾。《敞開的窗戶》就集中體現了以上特點,小說英文原文不過寥寥千余字,卻講述了一個生動曲折的“鬼故事”,結構嚴謹,語言細膩,把小姑娘Vera的慧黠和主人公Framton的神經質刻畫得惟妙惟肖。出人意外的小說結尾部分又讓原本驚悚的故事平添了幾分喜劇風味。人教版教材將該故事分為兩個部分:第一部分是Vera和Framton的談話,第二部分是Mrs. Sappleton和Framton的談話, 將小說的懸念保留到了最后。 2.學生分析 (1)學生能力
Z省某重點高中國際部高一年級的學生,具備一定的詞匯量和小說閱讀基礎。 (2)學生心理
思維活躍,想象力豐富,表現意識強,適合交互探索式閱讀模式。 3.教學目標 (1)語言技能目標
能根據故事行文要素,梳理故事情節,提取行文線索詞。 (2)語言知識目標
能賞析文本語言,習得以主題詞為載體細節化表述; (3)學習策略目標
能通過信息查找﹑文本分析﹑總結歸納人物性格以及關注語篇邏輯; (4)情感態度目標
能在小組活動中分享資源,進行同伴評價,培養合作精神。 4. 教學重點
(1)通讀提取行文線索詞;
(2)精讀學習基于主題詞的細節化描述; (3)思讀關注語篇邏輯和文本內涵。
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5. 教學難點
(1)能根據故事要素提取行文線索詞; (2)能依據文本細節描述歸納人物性格; (3)能根據語篇內在邏輯進行情節補寫。
二.教學設計思路 1. 備課思路
本節課屬于小說閱讀課,因授課時間限制,課前筆者先讓學生預習了該小說。為保留小說的懸念特點,教師在備課階段將文本的第二部分Mrs Sappleton和Framton的對話部分進行了改編,按照閱讀信息差分兩次呈現,引導學生賞析語言和關注語篇內在邏輯。雖然學生提前預習了該小說,但小說的懸疑特點得到了很好的保留,為之后的課堂生成做好了鋪墊。預熱口語部分,教師讓學生用自己的語言描繪小說插圖,引入nervous一詞。閱讀時,教師根據文本設置三個梯度的閱讀任務。第一梯度通讀關注情節,教師通過四個問題和兩張圖表幫助學生梳理小說情節和主要人物之間的關系。第二梯度精讀關注語言賞析,主題詞的細節化描述,通過賞析小說第一部分人物性格以及小說高潮部分Framton所見的細節化描述,讓學生習得如何從直接和間接兩個層面來描述主題詞nervous。第三梯度思讀關注語篇邏輯和文本內涵,教師設置培養學生批判性思維的討論題,引導學生關注文本內涵。除此之外,教師設置閱讀信息差,故事結尾部分的一句話情節補寫訓練,引導學生更加關注語篇的邏輯性,培養學生的思辨能力。 2. 課堂流程圖
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3. 板書設計
三、教學過程
Step 1 Warming-up Brainstorm for related words (2mins)
教學片斷
T: Today, we’re going to learn a short story called The Open Window by Saki. And before we jump to the reading part, I’d like to show you a picture related to the story. What can you see in the picture? S1:A man and a girl.
T: Yes, and a widely open window. Now let’s focus on the man’s expression. How does the man look? Can you use some adjectives to describe it. S2: Eh, I think he looks sad.
T: Yes, sad. And I think he may look a little bit nervous. When will you feel nervous? S3: Never. (Students laughed)
T: You’re such a brave boy. This morning’s loud thundering made me feel nervous. Ss: Yes.
T: Let’s find out what makes this man feel nervous.
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【設計說明】 口語預熱部分,教師呈現小說插圖,引入nervous一詞。除了激活話題詞匯,也引導學生關注非文本閱讀(如圖表等)。通過預習,學生對該小說已經有了一定了解,通過預熱部分的插圖更為直觀的呈現小說人物之間的關系和主要故事情節。教師在呈現圖片時,特意省去了Framton透過落地窗所看,保留了小說閱讀的懸念。
Step 2 While-reading (32mins) 1. Skip for structure (3mins)
教學片斷
T: As you’ve previewed the story, can you tell me the name of the man? Ss: Framton.
T: Yes, now let’s skip the whole story again and focus on the following two questions.
S4: He felt nervous when he met some strangers, so he went to the country.
T: Yeah, he came to clam his nerves. Do you know the meaning of ‘nerves’? Now here, I give you two choices. Which one is correct? Ss: B. the state of being worried and frightened.
T: Framton was easy to get nervous. Then, how many people did he talk with? And who are they?
S5: Two people. Mrs Sappleton and Vera.
T: How old is Vera? And what is the relationship between the two people? S5: Vera is 15. They’re aunt and niece. T: Did Framton know them before? Ss: No, they’re strangers.
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T: Then why did Framton come to them as he always felt nervous? S6:His sister told him to visit Mrs Sappleton as she is a nice lady. T: Yes, then who did he talk with first? Ss: Vera.
T: Now, let’s read the first talk .
【設計說明】 通過兩個問題幫助學生梳理Framton,Mrs Sappleton 和Vera之間的關系以此將小說劃分為兩次談話。教師對詞組calm his nerves進行重點講解,讓學生關注Framton容易緊張的性格特點,為之后的故事發展。期間穿插的問題鏈讓學生更好了解故事發生背景。
2. Read for plot-talk 1 (8mins)
教學片斷
T: Read the first talk. And here are two questions for you to pay attention to. S7: She told Framton a tragedy about her aunt.
T: Let’s take a closer look at the tragedy. You got one minute to prepare to retell Mrs Sappleton’s tragedy. While retelling, focus on the basic elements of a story: When, Who, What.
S8: The tragedy happened exactly three years ago today. Mrs Sappleton’s husband and brothers went out hunting and never returned. T: Why did they never return?
S8: Because they drowned in the swamp. T: It means they .. Ss: Died.
T: Look at the picture . You will know the meaning of “swamp”. If you got drowned in this, your body..
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Ss: Difficult to find.
T: How did Mrs Sappleton accept their death? Ss: She couldn’t come over.
T: That’s the reason why she kept the French window open, for she was expecting .. Ss: They are coming back.
【設計說明】 通過問題和復述環節,讓學生依據故事三要素概述Vera口中有關Mrs Sappleton的悲劇,穿插提問故事相關細節為之后的猜測環節做鋪墊。
3. Read for language-talk 1 10mins)
教學片斷
T: So after hearing the tragedy, Framton felt more… Ss: Nervous.
T: Yes, and nervous is Framton’s main character traits. Now let’s look at the chart here. Can you tell me the main character traits of Vera ? Ss: Calm.
T: We know people’s words and actions will reveal one’s characters. Now Let’s read carefully and underline the supporting description.
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S9:He felt nervous, very nervous. Strangers always made him feel nervous. Waiting made him feel nervous. Talking made him feel nervous. Everything made him feel nervous.
T: Yes, what figure of speech is used here? Ss: Parallelism.
T: Yes, a very direct way to show someone is nervous. Quite impressive. What about Vera.
S11: She talked very calm.
T: Yes, a repetition of using calm. And have you noticed this sentence “her words broke a long silence.” An indirect way to show Framton is very nervous.
【設計說明】精讀Talk1環節關注語言賞析,讓學生掌握如何就一個主題詞來進行細節化描述。以Framton的nervous為例,作者除了通過排比和夸張的修辭手法直接呈現,也通過與Vera的calm來進行對比間接的來呈現。描述非常的有層次性。
4. Read for plot&language-talk 2 (11 mins)
教學片斷
T: The talk with Vera didn’t help Framton to ease his nerves. He felt happy when Mrs Sappleton came downstairs. Now, let’s focus on the subjects of their talk and their reaction. What’s the subject of Mrs Sappleton? S12:Hunting.
T: Yeah, she talked more about hunting ,about her.. S12: Husband and two brothers. T: What about Framton?
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S12:His nervous.
T: Yes, what about the reaction of Mrs Sappleton during the conversation? S13: She smiled cheerfully. S14: Yawn, alert, exclaimed.
T: Yes, then I’d like to invite one student to act out her reaction. S15 came and acted out (Ss laughed).
T: Quite a good performance. From her reaction, can you tell what she felt about this talk? Ss: Boring.
T: Yes, then what about Framton? S16: Dreadful, nervous.
T: Can you find more? What about his reaction when Mrs Sappleton exclaimed? S16: He shivered, shook his head sadly.
T: Do you know the meaning of “shiver”? From this description , we can conclude that in Framton’s eyes, Mrs Sappleton is .. Ss: Crazy. Mad.
T: Did Vera say anything in talk 2? Ss: No.
T: But she gave some reaction to their talk. Let’s read the description together.
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Can you guess what Framton saw through the French open window? S17: Her husband and brothers.
T: Let’s continue the story. I’d like to invite one student to read what Framton saw and the other students try to underline the words to show Framton’s horrible feelings. S18: without making a sound , they moved closer. S19: a young voice began to sing T: Nice job, I’d like to show more to you.
( Appreciate certain words that create such horrible atmosphere like “dim, figure.” ) T: In Framton’s eyes, he thought he saw... Ss: Ghosts.
T: After seeing that, what would Framton do? S20: He ran wildly.
T: You can take out the ending part from your drawer and read it quickly.
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(Ss read the ending of the story)
【設計說明】 在Talk2部分,作者對人物動作和心理有很多細致的描述,逐漸將故事推進到高潮。教師通過表格幫助學生梳理情節的同時也讓學生關注語言層面,掃除生詞障礙。教師在問題鏈中設置了推斷題,讓學生從細節描述中做出合理推測,培養學生的批判性閱讀思維。將故事的高潮和結尾部分分兩次呈現,先讓學生的關注點放在故事的高潮部分,通過語言賞析環節解讀作者如何通過場景描寫烘托恐怖氣氛。接著呈現故事出人意料的結尾,原來一切都只是Vera編造的一個故事,而Framton卻對此深信不疑并且被嚇到四處逃散。為之后的讀后討論進行了鋪墊。
Step3 Post-reading (12mins)
T: From the ending part, we can learn that Vera made up a story. And I think her story not only deceived Framton but also our readers. Now I’d like you to read the whole story again and focus on what Vera did and describe her character traits.
Ss: naughty, interesting, smart.
T: I think her character traits help her to make a convincing story.
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T: In Mrs Sappleton’s eyes, her guest acted strangely. Then at that moment Vera made up another story to convince Mrs Sappleton. Please have a group discussion and find out that logical reason.
S21: I think the reason might be the guns.
T: You mean the guns may terrify Framton. What about the other ideas? S22: I think the reason might be the song.
T: You mean the London Bridge. He may have a bad experience with that. Nice guessing. Now I’d like to show you the original version of the story.
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You can enjoy this part after the class. A very surprising ending.
【設計說明】讀后三個問題的設計幫助學生在理清故事情節的基礎上進一步理解文本。從反轉的故事結尾追溯回整個故事對Vera這個人物形象的塑造,通過人物性格分析的討論讓學生對于Vera這個人物有更多的思考,不同于Framton的扁平人物形象,Vera更為復雜,既有孩子的淘氣,又有不同于成年人敏銳的觀察力和邏輯分析力。而讓學生思考為什么Vera的謊言未被識破,要求學生整合思考所有人的性格特點和社會大背景。最后對于結尾處的理由補寫,讓學生進行身份置換,如何像Vera一樣利用所見編出讓人信服的理由,培養其思辨能力。
Step 4. Homework
T: Hope you can have a better understanding of the story. There are some critical thinking questions for you to think about after the class.
【設計說明】 一節課對于小說文本解讀是有限的,課后作業教師為學生設置了三個思考題,希望學生可以多角度的理解文本,思考小說的立意和主題。
四.教學設計反思
語言學習者可通過接受可理解輸入來提高他們的語言能力。理想的輸入有以下幾個特點: 可理解性,既有趣又相關, 非語法程序安排和足夠的輸入量(Krashen& Terrel, 1983)。基于這個特點,英文短篇小說作是非常好的閱讀教材,因為其語篇短小完整、人物塑造個性鮮明、語言精練生動、文化內涵豐富,兼具文學價值和教學價值。
浙江省新高考改革對于英語寫作進行了較大調整,寫作任務增至兩篇,其中第二篇為讀后續寫或概要寫作,新的考試題型為“讀”與“寫”搭起了一座橋梁,極大提升了輸入
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與輸出的對應關系,對教學的反撥作用顯著。就讀后續寫而言,它“是一種將閱讀與寫作緊密結合的考查形式,旨在考查學生的綜合語言運用能力”,主要聚焦“把握短文關鍵信息和語言特點”“語言運用的準確性和豐富性”“對語篇結構的把控能力” 和“創造性思維能力”(劉慶思、陳康,2016)可見,學生要寫好續寫首先應當對文本語篇理解到位,對文本情節梳理清楚。由于素養是在人與情境的互動中生成的,故情境設計是培養核心素養的必然選擇,提倡體驗學習(程曉堂、趙思奇,2016)。
筆者嘗試情境式閱讀設計,根據小說主題詞梳理情節,分析人物性格,設計的任務基于學生學習需求和能力要求,逐層推進。板書部分通過主人物Framton的情緒線作為小說發展曲線,更為直觀的呈現作者是如何進行故事高潮部分的烘托和描述。在梳理情節的過程中,將語言賞析有機結合在一起,培養學生讀寫不分家的意識。問題的設置不僅僅有培養學生通用思維能力層面的,也有專注于形成學生特定思維能力的主題評述類思辨題來培養學生的評判能力。評判是批判性閱讀中的常用策略,又稱評價,可以是贊成、欣賞,也可以是質疑、反對,還可以是延伸、對比(張茹芳,2012)。基于思維品質的主題評述相對其他寫作類型更具挑戰性,是對學生語言、內容、思維的綜合考查。要求學生對文本進行了細讀和復讀,加深自己的閱讀體驗和思考的同時,也提供機會讓學生充分表達自己的思想和價值觀,在同伴分享中得到成長,彼此間碰撞出思維火花。 1.重點突出 以點帶面
本節課的教學重點定位在通讀提取行文線索詞,精讀學習基于主題詞的細節化描述,思讀關注語篇邏輯和文本內涵。所有的活動都能圍繞這個重點展開,明確本節作文課提升的目標和方法。
2. 自主學習 協作討論
在以讀促寫英文講評課的教學過程中,教師即是引導者,又是組織者。教師通過問答﹑小組討論﹑小組分享等課堂活動,避免了講評課教師一人獨大,鼓勵學生主動探索,尊重學生的發言,訓練學生的批判性思維。在學生歸納總結和小組討論的時候,教師不失時機的點撥、啟發,在提高討論實效性的同時,也讓學生感受到自主學習的成就感。 3.語言賞析 讀寫共進
教學中那些保留現實生活本來具有的豐富性的情境設計才能真正培養出學生的實際能力與品格。在閱讀課上,教師通過問題設置將如何描述Nervous這一主題的語言表述從直接表述和間接表述兩個層面讓學生進行了整理和賞析,課后教師可以讓學生就該主題詞進一步拓展
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補充,在之后的寫作課上進行分享,最后以主題詞為載體進行開放式寫作,讓學生結合實際生活體驗進行語言的仿寫練習,內化所習得的語言表達。將寫作內化到閱讀課設計中做到讀寫不分家。
結合學生和聽課教師的反饋,本節課仍有以下許值得思考與探討的問題: 1.閱讀的完整性
本節課為了保留小說懸念和思維邏輯培養的目的,對文本進行了逐步呈現。一定程度上破壞了小說類閱讀的完整性。通常小說閱讀在于一氣呵成,先通讀完整個故事,之后在進行情節梳理,人物性格分析和主題探討。因本次教學設計采取了情境式閱讀模式,因此在提出主題詞Nervous一詞之后,讓學生分塊細讀文本,就完整性而言有所不足。 2.讀后問題的完成度
45分鐘的課堂要對梳理完情節并進行思維品質層面的主題探討,對于高一的學生來說還是有一定的難度。在部分問題的設置上可以進行刪減,保留學生有話可說的讀后問題比如對于小說結尾的合理補充,刪減或置換部分難度較大的問題,應更從學生的生活實際和理解能力出發,關注問題的難度梯度,維持學生的思維活躍度。
總而言之,隨著在英語學科素養的進一步推行,教師的觀念和角色也應當與時俱進。在讀寫教學課堂中,教師不僅要關注語言技能的培養和提升,還應當關注學生學習能力﹑文化品格和思維品質的培養。教師可以多角度﹑多維度﹑多形式地設計短篇小說。尊重學生已有的知識和經驗,把他們看作是獨立的思考者﹑建構者﹑甚至是創造者;不再用填塞的方式單一的傳授語言技能,而是激活他們的思維,啟發他們觀察﹑發現﹑分析﹑歸納,幫助他們將新的信息整合或重組到自己的認知結構中,為培養學生的自主讀寫能力和可持續學習創造有利條件。
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