視頻標簽:完形填空
所屬欄目:初中英語優質課視頻
視頻課題:花都區校級研討課cloze test通過語篇分析進行完形填空教學01(授課老師 譚丹麗)
教學設計、課堂實錄及教案:cloze test通過語篇分析進行完形填空教學(授課老師 譚丹麗)
通過語篇分析進行完形填空教學 完型填空專題小組 (授課老師 譚丹麗) |
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一、完形填空專題分析 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
完形填空題源自完形心理學,即格式塔心理學,是從完形心理學的Closure這一概念發展而成的一種語言測試形式。Closure指的是人們在頭腦中對一個熟悉但不完整的圖形或格式加工義使之完整的一種心里傾向。完形填空題的文本看似殘缺不全,但實際上是完整的語義系統。(施光飛等,2014) 完形填空主要是在閱讀的基礎上考查學生在篇章層面綜合運用邏輯判斷手段進行詞義辨析和搭配的能力,要求學生根據上下文分析語句間的意義關系,正確判斷和選擇所需用的詞。分別在詞、句、篇三個層面上進行設空命題,著重考查實義詞的語境同現,復現關系。近年來中考完形填空主要以句子層面和語篇層面的命題為主,而句子層面的命題主要是因果、轉折等基本的語篇邏輯關系,篇章層面的考查則主要是關鍵詞的復現。同時該題型有一個特點就是首句往往是不挖空的。2011-2015的中考完形填空題分析: 總題數50題
從上表看出,近五年中考語境線索和詞匯同現所占的比例為多。其次是原詞復現和句間邏輯關系。題目的難度設置以偏容易(難度值0.6-0.7)和適中(難度值0.5-0.6)為多。因此,完型填空的得分點應是掌握好上述四種考點的解題微技能。以2013年完型填空試題為例,對獅峰中學,區實驗中學以及金華中學作了測試分析。選取低于難度值為0.5以上的題目分析,其中低于廣州市平均分的題目如下:(區實驗中學由于是普尖班,其得分率以高于市平均分10-20個百分點為參照)
從上表分析可以看出,不同層次學生主要的失分點以及難點在于語境線索及詞匯同現。主要的原因是缺乏語篇意識,沒有抓住文章中的標志詞語以及上下文所提供的線索。特別是缺乏對首句所提供信息的解讀。完型填空的首句往往是完整保留的,這句話起到提綱挈領的作用,是全文的題眼所在。給整篇文章提供了很重要的場景信息,認真解讀首句所提供的信息對于順利完成篇章的解讀舉足輕重。針對上述的問題,筆者擬定幫助學生從語篇的角度去突破上述難點。 關于語篇教學,黃國文在《語篇分析概要》中給出了這樣的定義,“語篇分析通常指的是對比句子/ 語段更大的語言單位所作的語言分析,目的在于解釋人們如何構造和理解各種連貫的語篇。”王宗炎則將語篇分析定義為“關于口語和書面語句子如何組成更大意義單位的研究。”到本世紀70年代,它被組建引入到英語教學中來,魏多森指出,英語教學一定要來一個大轉變, “從以句子為語言教學基本單位轉移到以語篇為語言教學的基本單位來”。把語篇分析這一新的教學手段引入閱讀所形成的教學模式就叫語篇教學。(轉自張艷紅,2012) 利用語篇進行完形填空的教學是非常有必要的。我們需要從培養學生從語篇的整體上理解篇章內容和結構的能力。關于教學內容的研究,經查閱中國知網2003年至今的資料,發現對“利用語篇來進行完形填空教學”模式的研究主要集中在解題技巧和訓練這個方面。比如盧惠龍的通觀全局,把握主旨大意——尋找蛛絲馬跡,捕捉關鍵詞——瞻前顧后,分析上下文語境;李一航的從文體,語境,詞匯和語義邏輯四個層面進行語篇分析;張艷紅的瀏覽全文,關注首句,尋找文章重復內容,進行科學邏輯分析,復合調整全文,有效調整答案。 如何在課堂中聯系實際樣例,引導學生思考,提高初中學生的語篇分析能力從而實現完形填空復習的有效性,是本節課的重點所在。 |
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二、教學分析 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(二)學情分析 1. 初三(4)班在年級屬于中等層次的班級,平均分大約70分左右(100分制),大部分學生屬于沉思型,參與課堂積極性不夠高。 2.多數學生采取在沒有讀懂文本或者根本沒有完整通讀文本的情況下“邊讀邊選答案”的做法。做題時只顧空格,就句論句,只見樹木,不見森林; 3. 沒有跳過空格通讀文本的習慣,一碰到空格,就無法繼續讀下去,一定要把空格補上,才能繼續往下讀。 4. 不去分析文本中句子間的邏輯關系,不重視首句所提供的信息。 |
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三、教學目標 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.學生通過細讀文章首句,能說出文章體裁及背景信息,并能對文章內容進行預測; 2.學生能夠通過“跳空”閱讀全文,掌握文章大意; 3.學生通過上下文的語境,能大致猜測出與空缺詞匯意思相近的單詞,并由此選出正確答案; 4.學生能歸納完形填空的的解題思路。 |
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四、教學重點 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.學生能夠學會關注文章首句,通過細讀首句了解文章體裁及背景; 2.學生能夠通過語篇的上下文語境,對所缺詞匯進行猜測,并由此選出正確答案 |
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五、教學難點 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1.學生能轉變以往做完形填空的不良習慣,學會從語篇入手,關注上下文語境來解題; 2. 學生能用自己的話歸納解題思路。 |
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六、教學過程 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Teaching steps |
Teachers’ activities | Students’ activities | purpose | T |
Step1 Lead in |
1. Show Ss a picture with some missing parts and ask them some questions to lead in the review topic. 2. Introduce a new way to complete the Cloze Test. |
Get ready for the following tasks. |
Make Ss clear the purpose of this lesson and get familiar with the review topic. | 1 |
Step 2 Complete a Cloze Test in a different way |
1. Give Ss a Cloze Test without choices, ask Ss to read the first sentence of the passage carefully and answer the following question: (1) What information can we get from the first sentence? (2) What do you suppose the writer is going to write next? 2. Ask Ss to skip through the whole passage and get the main idea of the passage by answering some questions; 3. Ask Ss to guess the missing words and write them down on the blanks. 4. Ask Ss to discuss their answers in the groups first and then present the words that they guess. 5. Give Ss the choices and ask them to complete the Cloze Test, when they finish, ask them to read the passage again to check their answers by themselves. 6. Check the answers. |
1. Read the first sentence of the passage carefully and answer some questions; 2. Skip through the whole passage and try to get the main idea of the passage; 3. Try to guess and write down the missing words 4. Present the words they guess ; 5. Complete the Cloze Test and read the passage again to check the answers by themselves. 6. Check the answers; |
1. Ss can pay more attention to the first sentence of the passage, then get the background information of the passage; 2. Ss can get the main idea of the passage and guess the missing words before giving the choices; |
20 |
Step 3 Summary |
1. Ask Ss to observe the context and then help Ss summarize the skills of context in Cloze Test. | Observe the context and summarize the skills of context in Cloze Test. |
1. Summary the skills of context in Cloze Test. 2. Get ready for the following exercise. |
3 |
Step 4 More exercise |
1. Give Ss another Cloze Test and ask Ss to complete it in the same way. | Try to complete another Cloze Test in the same way. |
Consolidate the skills of context in Cloze Test. |
5 |
Step 5 Comment and summary |
1. Check the answers and ask Ss to discuss the answers they are not clear about. 2. Summary the skills of context in Cloze Test. |
Check the answers and explain the reasons. | Help Ss to consolidate the skills of context. | 10 |
Step 6 Homework |
Ask Ss to review what have learnt and complete one more Cloze Test. | Review what have learnt and complete one more Cloze Test. | Consolidate what have learnt. | 1 |
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